Labor Discrimination in US Economy

List of chapters Research Methods and Techniques Research Findings Interpretations of the Findings Biasness Recommendations Evidence for Wage Discrimination Works Cited Bertrand and Mullainathan led an exploration on work separation in the US economy. The target of the analysts was to decide the connection between racial segregation and the pace of work in the US economy. In this manner the fundamental inquiry that they attempted to address was, â€Å"what is the impact of race in deciding the odds of finding a new line of work in the US work market?†Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Labor Discrimination in US Economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research on the business inclines in the US work advertise uncovers a significant level of racial imbalance (Bertrand and Mullainathan 991). Individuals from various races have various chances of getting utilized. Employment candidates of White starting point have a superior possibility of landing positions when contrasted with African-Americans. The Whites were seen as twice probably not going to be jobless when contrasted with African-Americans† (Bertrand and Mullainathan 992). The exploration discoveries additionally demonstrate that African-Americans were â€Å"paid 25% less on normal when they are utilized in different occupation categories† (Bertrand and Mullainathan 992). The discoveries were reliable over all ventures. Thusly, different partners in the business are keen on discovering the reasons for the colossal hole in work between the Whites and the African-Americans in the market. It is against this scenery that the explores researched the impact of race in deciding the odds of getting utilized. The discoveries will help in defining work laws that can help in guaranteeing correspondence in the market. Equity will prompt proficiency in the market by upgrading ideal portability of work. Exploration Methods and Techniques The scientists utilized field trials to contemplate the examination question (Bertrand and Mullainathan 993). The field analyze included correspondence testing (Bertrand and Mullainathan 993). This implies the investigates were keen on discovering the rate at which the businesses reacted to the resumes that were sent by various races in light of occupation adverts. In this way the callback rate was the fundamental variable that was estimated in the investigation. The exploration was done in Chicago and Boston (Bertrand and Mullainathan 993). The examination was structured as follows. The scientists arranged a few continues and relegated names to them haphazardly. Half of the resumes had African-America names and the other half had names that are related with Whites. The utilization of various names was intended to â€Å"manipulate the apparent race† (Bertrand and Mullainathan 994). The imaginary resumes were then sent in light of different occupation adverts in Chicago and Boston (Bertrand and Mulla inathan 994). The scientists arranged more than 5,000 continues and reacted to more than one thousand 300 employment adverts (Bertrand and Mullainathan 994).Advertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The huge number of resumes helped in improving the precision of the discoveries since an enormous example size is progressively delegate. The resumes were separated into two classes to be specific, the high-caliber and the low-quality resumes. The top notch resumes were related with candidates with high capabilities while low-quality resumes were related with candidates who had low capability. The high-caliber and low-quality resumes were allocated an equivalent number of names for Whites and African-Americans. The criticisms that were gotten according to the applications filled in as the essential information for the examination. The information was factually broke down and was utilized to research the connection among race and the odds of finding a new line of work in Boston and Chicago. Examination Findings The discoveries of the exploration were as per the following. There was an extraordinary distinction in the quantity of callbacks that were gotten for the resumes that had different racial names. The candidates that were related with Whites’ names got one require each ten continues that they sent (Bertrand and Mullainathan 995). The individuals who had African-Americans’ names got one require each fifteen continues that they sent. This demonstrated a half hole in the quantity of calls that were gotten by the different races. â€Å"The contrast was seen as factually significant† (Bertrand and Mullainathan 995). The examination additionally uncovers that race affected the manner in which bosses remunerated the candidates for having better continues. Whites who had top notch resumes had the option to build their odds of finding a new line of work by 30 % when contrasted with the Whites whose resumes were of low-quality (Bertrand and Mullainathan 995). Notwithstanding, for the African-Americans having an excellent resume didn't essentially build the odds of finding a new line of work when contrasted with African-Americans who had low-quality resumes. This implies the aptitudes that were controlled by the African-Americans had little impact in improving their odds of being utilized. Managers liked to enlist White candidates who lived in â€Å"wealthy neighborhoods or neighborhoods that were related with elevated levels of education† (Bertrand and Mullainathan 996). Notwithstanding, the African-Americans who lived in a similar neighborhood (affluent) didn't have a superior possibility of being utilized when contrasted with their partners who lived in low-class neighborhoods. There was no relationship between's the racial holes that existed in different industry and the registration based racial holes (Bertr and and Mullainathan 996). The racial holes as estimated by callback rates were â€Å"statically huge in all ventures and occupation classes that were canvassed in the research† (Bertrand and Mullainathan 996).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Labor Discrimination in US Economy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More with regards to taste hypothesis of separation, the scientists clarified that their discoveries demonstrated that the businesses wanted to utilize Whites when contrasted with African-Americans. This implies the businesses connected the Whites with better characteristics as thought about than the African-Americans. The employers’ inclination for the Whites depended on the observation that Whites are a superior race when contrasted with African-Americans. This clarifies why the ownership of great resumes didn't improve the odds of finding a new line of work among the African-Americans. With regards to factual separation h ypothesis, the businesses connected the Whites with high efficiency when contrasted with the African-Americans. Since the businesses are not daring people they want to utilize Whites who will promise them high profitability in return of high compensation rates. This clarifies the distinction in the compensation rate among Whites and the African-Americans. Understandings of the Findings The resumes that were relegated names that are related with Whites got an opportunity of 9.65% of getting a callback (Bertrand and Mullainathan 997). Resumes that had comparative capabilities yet had names that are related with African-Americans had 6.5% possibility of getting a callback. This shows a half contrast in the callback rate (Bertrand and Mullainathan 997). The thing that matters was viewed as measurably critical (Bertrand and Mullainathan 997). The Whites who had excellent resumes had the option to expand their odds of finding a new line of work by 27%. Then again, the African-Americans wh o had top notch resumes had the option to build their odds of finding a new line of work by just 6.7%. This distinction was likewise seen as factually huge. Along these lines they inferred that race was utilized as a segregation factor in business. Biasness The creators were unprejudiced because of the accompanying reasons. To begin with, the quantity of resumes that had names that are related with Whites was equivalent to the quantity of those that had names that are related with African-Americans. This implies the two races had an equivalent chance of being utilized. Second, the example size was enormous enough to speak to the populace. In this way the ends that were made utilizing the research’s discoveries are fair-minded. At long last, the analysts considered the impacts of segment factors, for example, sex, age and neighborhoods (Bertrand and Mullainathan 1000). Proposals The end that businesses â€Å"inferred social class from names† (Bertrand and Mullainathan 9 97), depended on conclusion as opposed to observational proof. The specialists didn't utilize essential information to measurably examine the connection among names and employers’ view of social classes.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Their decision depended on the conviction that African-Americans have a place with the lower social class in the general public. The end additionally repudiates the way that living in wealthier neighborhoods didn't expand the odds of landing positions among the African-Americans. In this manner, the scientists ought to have led an examination so as to decide the connection between the names and the employers’ impression of social class. For instance, meetings or studies could have been utilized to acquire data concerning employers’ impression of social class and how it influenced their selection of workers. Proof for Wage Discrimination The discoveries of the examination are steady with the patterns in the US work advertise. It is obvious that the Whites are paid better when contrasted with African-Americans who have a similar degree of capability. Workers from the two race

Contrast Media Used in Intravenous Urography

Difference Media Used in Intravenous Urography Presentation Intravenous urogram is otherwise called intravenous pyelogram. It is a radiology technique to see the pee framework including kidney, bladder and ureter. Intravenous urogram is generally assessment permits the specialist to see structures like the cortex, renal, calyceal, renal pelvis, pyeloureteric intersection, bladder and ureteric waste. Among the issues that can be analyzed along these lines is a bladder contamination, kidney disease, seeping in the pee, tumor, injury to the urinary tract after an extreme outside wounds, and a few other related maladies. To complete this assessment, extraordinary materials required for these structures can be found in the x-beam pictures. Uncommon materials that are the complexity media. Complexity operator is infused into a vein in the body and it will be disseminated all through the body by means of the circulatory system, before it is dispensed with by the kidneys. Frequently the complexity specialist is infused through the middle cubital vein, and pictures of a portion of the kidney coming about differentiation picture amalgamation. There are a few sorts of projections utilized in the preliminary of IVU. Projections are as full length KUB, KUB on your midsection, cross-diminish extend decreased the renal kidney and upper ureter, sideways to the kidneys, bladder anteroposterior edge of 15 degrees to forestall bladder secured with pubic symphysis and the bladder diagonal. Difference operators can be seen legitimately on the kidney following infusion and is known as nephrogram. This shows the complexity specialist by glomerular separated before coming to colyceal framework. It is essential to look at the renal diagram, and can identify tumors, sores or cortical scarring. He additionally creates starting data about the indication of kidney. Following 5 minutes of an infusion is given, calyces will be loaded up with differentiate specialists, which will at that point descend the ureter to fill the bladder. Contraindications Contraindications that ought to be known by the radiographers before any system is as renal colic, renal calculi, stomach torment, stomach medical procedure at the most recent, after the patient conceived an offspring, and the substitution of the kidney. This contraindication is essential to keep away from complexities that may happen. Understanding planning before during the assessment Patients are not permitted to drink a couple of hours before urogram assessment. Patients are likewise approached to take a diuretic to ensure everything is perfect from the messy material. In the event that the patient is taking any prescriptions, for example, pulse meds, patients can keep ingesting these medications except if restricted by a specialist. On the off chance that the patient is pregnant, the patient ought to be told radiographers working. Intravenous urogram was not performed on patients who are pregnant except if certain crisis cases. Patients will be approached to sign an archive. This record is conveying all the dangers, advantages and all the assemblages that can happen. This permits the patient to see all the systems of this assessment. In the event that the patient consents to accept all dangers and comprehend the techniques built up, the patient can sign the reports and methods will be done. Safeguards before utilization of differentiation media in intravenous urogram The response can't be relied upon to differentiate media, and all patients ought to be thought about and clean during the procedure. Of enthusiasm to look at the patient before playing out any method ought not be taken lightly. This guide will permit the radiographers to do the procedure. Radiographers should know the indications of the different responses that occur. There are numerous means that must be taken previously, during and after the utilization of intravenous difference media. The first, radiographers must know the patients wellbeing history. Secondly, if the patient is a patient who had a high hazard, radiographers must utilize low-osmolar differentiate media. Among patients with high danger of the asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, and others. Next, cluster number and expiry date ought to be analyzed interestingly media. In expansion, radiographers must guarantee that the difference specialists in body temperature. Radiographers ought to likewise check whether the bundle has disterile. Prior to this differentiation media minimal, they should know the right methodology, checking crisis hardware and expertise to utilize these apparatuses, and check the proper volume of complexity, the portion and the right techniques. Intravenous urogram method Urografi intravenous test was started by requesting that the patient take off apparel and wear a clinic outfit provided. Patients are likewise approached to expel all adornments that was found in patients. Then the patient will experience blood tests to check whether the patients kidney work is acceptable or not. From that point forward, the patient will be laid on cots or x-beam table. Then, the radiographers will take a x-beam pictures before differentiate medium injection. Injection of difference media on the patient through an intravenous. An intravenous cannula (IV) is embedded through a vein in the patients arm or hand. Then, the complexity medium infused. X-beams are taken at the occasions specified. Several arrangements of the film will be finished by the test. X-beam frequencies relies upon the patients kidneys to menurus differentiate media. Normally, the kidneys would typically channel the complexity medium inside 5 to 10 minutes. Pesalit ought to stay a rest between every x-beam is taken. Another imaging procedure will be utilized related to intravenous urogram called kidney tomogram. This is the imaging pictures of patient kidney in the cut condition. Attendants will help the radiographers to check the patients heartbeat, breath and pulse continuously. Before the last x-beam is taken, the patient will be approached to discharge their bladder. This is to see patients when the bladder is vacant. Intravenous urogram techniques finished when all the tracks obviously show the pee pictures x-ray. The whole method takes around 60 minutes. System during infusion During infusion, radiographers must know where the Radiologist or a specialist might be contacted. In expansion, radiographers should continually screen the breath rate, circulatory strain, shading and level of patient mindfulness. System after the infusion Radiographers ought to stay with the patient at the very least 15 minutes.â when the investigation was made, check whether pesalit can get back securely or not.â do not permit patients to return if there are any complexities. Film arrangement Intravenous urogram test is one test that should utilize a ton of film. This is on the grounds that the method performed and requires significantly more structure posisisi patients body to be x-ray. Preliminary film is the primary film to be taken to the test. Preliminary film utilizing a film of size 14 x 17 inches (43 x 35 cm). The film will be set under the patient.â the patient would lie with the projection AP mid-region to incorporate the symphysis pubis and diafgram border. This is to check the patients mid-region was doing stock and to reveal any instance of calcifications of the renal tract. X-beam bar was focused in the degree of iliac crest. Additional X-beam taken to decide any akkan opacities present in the patients body.â 35 degrees back to the renal area. Preliminary objective was to inspect the patients colon and gut planning to see patients. It likewise tries to recognize the renal situation to decide the introduction factors. It is additionally to take a gander at issues in kidney patients. At that point radiographers will take x-beam film, called immediate. The film will be taken following infusion of complexity media. Film size 10 x 17 inches (24 x 30 cm) was utilized to film this immediate. X-beam shaft focused between the lower costal edge and xiphisternum. Patients will be in a territory of AP in the zone to see renal patients kidneys when difference is injected. It plans to show nefrogram, renal parenchyma is opacified by balance medium in patients with renal tubules. The point is to show the film prompt renal parenchyma to show neofrogram phase. It is additionally to inspect the size of kidney patients will be extended from the first size after infusion of differentiation. Following 5 minutes of differentiation media infused in patients, radiographers will take a x-ray.X-beam called a 5 moment film. Size of film estimating 14 x 17 inches (35 x 43 cm) utilized for this film. Patients in the recumbent AP and AP projeksinya for renal area. After 5 minutes of culmination of the infusion of difference medium to patients, taking X-beams done full KUB shows the urinary system. Taking pictures of x-beam set aside at this effort to decide the patients solid discharge is even and doesn't have to adjust the strategy for surveying needs. For model, another complexity medium ought to be infused when the kidney is less opacification. The reason for a brief film is to look at the progression of difference operator by the different sides of kidney patients. It is likewise to see the patients pelvis system.â 5 minute film is additionally to inspect the discharge of balance in the two kidneys. From that point forward, the film is taken 15 minutes. This film is so named in light of the fact that the x-beam is taken after 15 minutes the patient is infused with differentiate media. Film size 10 x 12 inches (24 x 30 cm) utilized for this film. Taking x-beam completed 15 minutes after infusion (10 minutes after the film 5 minutes). The point is to see the renal calyx framework all the more obviously, the weight is on this film arrangement with kolimasi presentation on renal kawaswan. Use of weight rings are not required when the patient shows any sign of renal calculi and in patients after surgery. This is to maintain a strategic distance from injury to the renal patient. Perform head-down position when the weight rings are not utilized. At that point, discharge film taken after the 15-minute film. Size of film estimating 14 x 17 inches (43 x 35 cm) utilized for this film. Taking x-beam done toward the back

How to Find Good Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

How to Find Good Compare and Contrast Essay TopicsWhen it comes to the topic of a good compare and contrast essay, you are sure to get it right if you have the patience and courage to do your research. People often struggle when they are writing the content of their paper. If you need some help when it comes to finding the right topic for your essay, then this article is for you.There are two types of essay topics; the easy ones and the difficult ones. The easy ones include facts and figures, as well as literary elements. These topics are commonly used when writing an essay that will be read by an audience.For example, you may want to include all the best selling books in the country and all the specific things that you know about them. You can start your research by going to the bookstore or an online bookstore and checking out the titles. Also, check to see which ones sell the most copies.When you are doing your research, remember that you are not researching for an entire year. Do not write a long, drawn out research project. If you start too late, you might find that your topic is already taken.Good compare and contrast essay topics come from those that have already been researched and thought about. Of course, the easiest way to find this type of information is to do a search online. Simply doing a search will reveal some of the topics that have already been researched and studied.Another tip to take into consideration when writing your essay topic is that you can make your topic sound more interesting by making it more vague. Instead of using big words, make your writing to be short and precise. After all, who wants to read something that makes them bored?In addition, try not to use only one topic. Instead, choose one general topic and then diversify it. By choosing a broad topic, you can make it more interesting because it takes you away from your initial topic.The best way to find the best compare and contrast essay topic is to go online and do a search . You will find that there are hundreds of websites where you can find the topics that you can use to write an essay on. This can help you write a highly impressive and interesting topic.

A Cultural History Of The Atlantic World Essay - 2126 Words

In John K. Thornton’s book, A Cultural History of the Atlantic World, 1250 – 1820, Thornton describes the exploration of the western world by powerful European nations. Early on in the text Thornton details the ways early European merchants and explorers discovered the routes across the Atlantic to what would eventually become the Americas. He then lays out the formation and expansion of the slave trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Throughout all of this Thornton very effectively communicates and disproves any common mistakes or false presumptions readers may have. He continues to do this when he switches his focus from the discovery of the Atlantic world to the colonization of it. Thornton explains how the two major European powers in the Atlantic world at that time, England and Spain, â€Å"conquered† and colonized the new world. He especially focuses on the relationships between the native peoples and the incoming Europeans. He explores the ways b oth groups effected each other. He goes on to state that the way in which the social structure of the European colonies was determine in large measure by the social structure of the indigenous people at the time of European arrival. This serves as Thornton’s thesis of the text and he provides evidence to support his claim. He also mentions that most of the time the story of the Atlantic World is told from an exclusively European perspective. And while he does try to include all aspects in the narrative I’m not totallyShow MoreRelatedAtlantic History : Concept And Contours854 Words   |  4 PagesThe study of the Atlantic as an interwoven community is a relatively new theory. Historians are beginning to see Atlantic History as â€Å"a sudden and harsh encounter between two old worlds that transformed both and integrated them into a single New World† , and not just separate entities with detached pasts. Atlantic History: Concept and Contours by Bernard Bailyn la ys the framework for what Atlantic History is and how it should be studied. Bailyn states that the reasoning behind writing the book isRead MoreThe Transatlantic Slave Trade And Africa801 Words   |  4 PagesIn the last two decades, scholars have analyzed and debated the transatlantic slave trade and this eventually transformed the field of Atlantic history. John Thornton’s Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680 changed the way scholars view the role of Africans because of its revisionist perspective and ground breaking interpretations of the slave trade. This book clearly changed the way the scholars analyzed the role of Africans in the British and Spanish Empires becauseRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade, Commerce Between Asia And The West And Connection Through Agriculture976 Words   |  4 PagesTrade has been an essential part of the world dating back to the Stone Ages, in which man was known to trade obsidian and flint. Trade has been the k ey for the human race to interact and bring together cross-cultural contact all throughout the world. Strayer and Nelson prove this point to be true throughout their book with examples like the Atlantic Slave Trade, commerce between Asia and the West and connection through agriculture. It is seen throughout history that trade is an important factor, itRead MoreEssay African American Issues: Slavery and Continuing Racism892 Words   |  4 Pagesrealized until after taking Africana Studies. Some issues dwell on the horrific past of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, which not only is history, but also is part of African American heritage (Karenga, 2010). African Americans frequently experience many perilous problems, such as dire economic situations and feelings of hostility from the cultural mainstream in America (Kaufman, 1971). The cultural collision between African Americans and whites continues to create several problems in society. AfricanRead MoreReligious Practices Of African Culture Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesculture in the Americas. By using the evidence that Domingos Alvares employed his own knowledge and experiences from Africa, instead of the practices of colonial Portuguese institutions, Sweet reconstructs the Atlantic experience, contrary to the existing scholarship of history that generally viewed African slaves adopting the Portuguese colonial culture. In order to demonstrate that the African culture was alive in the Americas through the practice of healing, Sweet presents some evidenceRead MoreExploitation Of Seemingly Unlimited Natural Resources And Overfishing Of Our Seas1578 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout human history and across cultures, and as global populations grow, these problems only compound. The basic nature of World History is to break down borders and remove nationalistic biases in the hope of finding an objective viewpoint, and humans exploiting environmental resources for short term gain is as cross-cultural a characteristic as they come. Cod Part One: A Fish Tale delves deeply into the inception of the cod trade between various European countries and cross-cultural integrationRead MoreThe Impact Of The Atlantic Slave Trade Influence Europe Economic Growth And Market Development Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesLabor exploitation was the key for the effectiveness of european expansion in the new world and define slavery as a principal component for global capitalism until it was not longer profitable. The atlantic slave trade influence europe economic growth and market development to rapidly spread through the atlantic trade. It was a intense dependence on the triangular trade that made merchants made big profits at the expense of the exploited labour abroad. Merchants were involved in all three sidesRead MoreCandido Term Paper: African Slave Trade1254 Words   |  6 PagesMarshall 999681704 Book Review: An African Slaving Port on the Atlantic, by Mariana Candido The impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the people living in Angola during the seventeenth century onwards was monumental. The Portuguese presence in the Benguelan harbour caused disorder, social strain, and sociocultural transformation for the people specifically residing in Benguela. In the study An African Slaving Port on the Atlantic, Mariana Candido outlines the progression of Benguela startingRead MoreTrans-Atlantic Slave Trade‚Äà ¹1359 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade† The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was one of the most horrific things to happen to any group of people closely relating to the Jewish Holocaust. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was actually often referred to as the â€Å"Holocaust of Enslavement† which was basically the incarceration and imprisonment of people not for committing criminal offenses but to be put to work for others. The â€Å"Areas that were involved in the European slave trade eventually prospered.† (Aca Demon) TheseRead MoreThe Haitian Revolution And The American Revolution1365 Words   |  6 PagesIt was during the late half of the eighteenth century that would experience a series of turbulence across the Atlantic World. In a time that can be called an era of revolution, the Atlantic World faced a multitude of uprisings. The American Revolution in 1765 would be the start of the age of revolutions, and would later inspire the revolutions of other countries across the Atlantic, such as the French Revolution in 1789, the Haitian Revolution in 1791, and later the Latin American Revolutions during

Analysis Of George Wilson s Fences - 965 Words

Taking the Collar August Wilson was an African American man, born in 1945. The playwright never saw much of his father growing up. Instead, he was raised solely by his mother in a black neighborhood in Pittsburg. This being said, racial discrimination was impossible to escape. Wilson, like most colored people at the time, faced struggles day to day. Eventually, it reached a peak in high school when he’d written an excellent paper on Napoleon, only to be accused of plagiarism because â€Å"no black man could write this good.† Fed up with the discrimination, Wilson dropped out of school. He continued to educate himself through the public library, swiftly becoming arguably one of the best American playwrights of all time. Receiving many awards for many of his pieces, he is most famous for his play Fences, an insightful piece about the strife of a colored man’s life in the 50’s. The characters in his story seem to resemble the people in Wilson’s life. For example, Troy M axson, the protagonist of the story, portrays Wilson’s stepfather. Details including his jail time for murder and his talent for athletics are identical. His wife Rose resembles the much more loving mother. Heartfelt and sincere, this successful chronicle proved that Wilson could play in the big leagues. The greatest baseball star of his time, Troy Maxson was a truly gifted athlete. Unfortunately, talent was not recognized in blacks, not in this time period. Instead of a roaring crowd cheering his name, Troy wasShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1403 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell believes â€Å"What you get over and over again is a movement of the proletariat which is promptly characterized and betrayed by astute people at the top and then the growth of a new governing class. The one thing that never arrives is equality† (Letemendia 1). Orwell simply loathes revolution and thinks it is unfair to the majority, for the people. He thinks that while individuals change, the people in power are always corrupt and they will corrupt any attempt at change. He communicatesRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And August Wilson1418 Words   |  6 PagesThis literary study will define the failure of the †Ame rican Dream† in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Arthur Miller, Zora Neale Hurston, and August Wilson. Fitzgerald’s account of the Jay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional death of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Miller’s Death of a Salesman. MoreRead MoreDefinition Of Situational Crime Prevention2193 Words   |  9 PagesThrough Environmental Design contrasted Newman’s theory arguing that a community’s physical design can affect crime, but relative to the opportunity available to commit the crime and CPTED rather than defensible space (Article, Slide 37, p. 17). Analysis of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Principles, â€Å"Broken Windows† theory, and â€Å"Accidental Spaces† theory, offers additional ways of thinking around urban design that promotes community pride, public safety, and crime preventionRead MoreThe Fundamental Principles That Confirm The Importance Of Frankl s Existential Theory And Logotherapy4000 Words   |  16 Pages Existential Therapy Ms. Belinda Coulter, Arlinda Blankumsee, and Georgia Green School of Professional Counseling Lindsey Wilson College Author Note Ms. Belinda Coulter, Arlinda Blankumsee, and Georgia Green, The School of Professional Counseling, Lindsey Wilson College.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ms. Belinda Coulter, Arlinda Blankumsee, and Georgia Green, Email: belinda.coulter@lindsey.edy, arlinda.blankumsee@lindsey.edu, georgia.green@lindsey.edu. AbstractRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesmanagement needs to be opened up, not closed down; it needs reconciliation among its many different tendencies, not the isolation of each. To enrich the experience of this safari, we hope to follow up with a Guidebook. We have also prepared an Instructor s Manual to facilitate the use of this rather unconventional book in the classroom. We owe many thank-yous. Bob Wallace of The Free Press must be especially singled out. In the musical chairs world of publishing these x EMBARKATION days, to beRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesCanada 118 Riverview Children s Hospital 124 The Evolution of Project Management at Quixtar 145 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CULTURES 151 Como Tool and Die (A) 153 Como Tool and Die (B) 157 Apache Metals, Inc. 160 Haller Specialty Manufacturing 162 The NF3 Project: Managing Cultural Differences 163 An International Project Manager s Day (A) 172 An International Project Manager s Day (B) (see handout provided by instructor) An International Project Manager s Day (C) (see handout provided byRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 PagesProvince, Peoples Republic of China. Journal of the International Hemp Association 2(2): 57, 60-65. This paper summarizes the history of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation and traditional use in the Tai an District of Shandong Province in the People s Republic of China, and investigates the cultivation and processing techniques currently being employed to produce hemp ribbon and hemp seed. Recent production levels and market conditions are reviewed. Comparisons with Hungarian hemp cultivation andRead MoreToyota Supply Chain78751 Words   |  316 PagesPlanning 27 natural tendency for the sales organization to attempt to justify why more is better. In other words, it is tempted to keep adding variants because doing so will help create incremental sales. That effort requires the need for thorough analysis of selling trends by product type and features, as well as monitoring of competitor offerings, in order to determine the optimum mix of variants. The key is that it is easier to add complexity or variants after the vehicle is introduced than it isRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore

Titanic The Titanic Of Titanic - 1650 Words

The Titanic: Dreams That Led to Disaster â€Å"The Titanic was the dream ship that no one ever thought could be destroyed.† The sinking of it was a horrible tragedy. The loss of lives was due to the design, the materials, and that the crew didn’t have updated technology. Maybe if they had more tools or less people, the Titanic wouldn’t have sunk (â€Å"Titanic: Flaws†). Is it true that the Titanic sunk because of an iceberg? History of the Titanic The Titanic was inspired by White Star’s competitor Cunard. They both are British shipping companies that competed for more customers. In 1907, Cunard completed two ships, the Lusitania and the Mauretania. They are both luxurious ships that could cross the ocean in a record of five days carrying people and mail. White Star wanted to top that so they decided to build three ships, one would be the largest that the world has ever seen. One of those ships would be the Titanic (Brewster and Coulter 6-7). It became a part of history by being the biggest ship to be built in the 1900’s and also the most luxurious. It was said to be â€Å"unsinkable† (Kent 19). The Building of the Titanic Later, William Pirrie and Viscount Ismay finalized the idea of the Titanic with J. Bruce Ismay, the head of White Star Lines. He thought that it would be a great idea to make the Titanic a lot bigger, faster, and luxurious. Then the Lusitania and her sister ship the Mauretania, made by their rival Cunard (Titanic: The Birth of a Legend). On â€Å"March 31, 1909†, at anShow MoreRelatedThe Titanic : A Titanic1384 Words   |  6 PagesR.M.S Titanic â€Å"Not even God himself could sink this ship,† an employee of the White Star Line carelessly stated at the launch of the Titanic on May 31, 1911. (Exhibit: Titanic) In April of 1912, the Titanic set sail from Southampton, England, to New York City in what is one of history’s deadliest disasters at sea. Unfortunately, the Titanic, on its maiden and final voyage, never reached its destination. Built by Harland and Wolf to be â€Å"unsinkable†, the Titanic was 883 feet long, 92 feet wide,Read MoreThe Titanic Of A Titanic1219 Words   |  5 Pages The Titanic crashed at 2:20 a.m. on April 15, 1912, the British ocean liner sinks into the North Atlantic Ocean. The massive ship, which carried 2,200 passengers and crew, had struck an iceberg two and half hours before sinking. The beginning which is the construction of the Titanic took 3 years with the help anywhere from three thousand to fifteen thousand men. The RMS Titanic took sail April 11, 1912 from Southampton, England in the hopes of New York City. The Titanic s passengers were dividedRead MoreTitanic1335 Words   |  6 PagesTitanic Titanic was the largest ship in the world, built by a workforce of 17,000. The ultimate in turn-of-the-century design and technology. First-class suites ran to more than $ 55,000 in todays dollars, and when she sailed on her maiden voyage from Southampton, England on route to NY , she held among her 2,227 passengers. The cream of industrial society, including colonel John Jacob Astor. Macys founder; U.S. congressman Isidor Straus and Thomas Andrews, the ships builder. The ship wasRead MoreThe Titanic : The Main Outline Of The Titanic938 Words   |  4 Pageswas that iconic quote in the movie Titanic that was said by Rose to Jack, as they floated in the freezing Atlantic Ocean as the Titanic sank behind them. Of course, we all know what happens†¦she let’s go! But that’s not what I’m here to talk about. II. Most of us know how that love story went about, but not many know, including myself, the details of that tragic night that the Titanic sank, so that is why I decided to do research on The Titanic. III. The Titanic – from her maiden voyage, her shortRead MoreMovie Analysis : Titanic Movie Titanic 1455 Words   |  6 Pagesof the most paramount things in life. This is one of the main themes, along with that of arrogance, in the Oscar nominated movie â€Å"Titanic†, a love story about a young man and woman. Their love is shown throughout the depths of this movie through dialogue, camera angles, by the use of music, and how you can distinguish the character development in Rose. To begin, â€Å"Titanic† is a movie about the emerging yet proscribed love of young Rose DeWitt Bukater, played by Kate Winslet, who is of the upper classRead MoreThe Sinking Of The Titanic790 Words   |  4 PagesDakota Everett 11th English 27 October 2017 C.Ellison The Sinking of the Titanic April 14, 1912. A day that history will never forget. The greatest ship to be built sunk to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. Undiscovered for 84 years. The Titanic was sailing smooth. Maybe a few bumps in the road. All of that changed on April 14, 1912. Around 11:30 P.M., Officer Fleet looked out into the ocean. He saw something dead ahead in the water, and they were going straight for it. It’s an iceberg. (WardRead MoreThe Sinking Of The Titanic1744 Words   |  7 PagesStewart 8). In April of 1912, The RMS Titanic hit an iceberg and sank 12,000 feet to the ocean floor. This incident cost the lives of over 1,500 passengers and crew members, over half the total people that had been on board (â€Å"Sinking†). The Titanic was the largest ship ever built when it entered service, at 882 feet long, 92 feet wide, and 175 feet high, and was touted as unsinkable (Hall 19,38; Yasuda 5,7; Hopkinson 25; â€Å"World’s†; Stewart 8). The Titanic disaster was a wake-up call for manyRead MoreCauses Of The Titanic808 Words   |  4 PagesThe Titanic: How did it sink? On April 14 of 1912, the passenger ship, Titanic, sank on its first-ever ocean voyage. â€Å"The Titanic had over 1,500 passengers and was longer than most buildings were tall.† (Robert D Ballard) The ship had been reported to have hit an iceberg. A few hours, later the giant ship broke into two pieces and sank into the depths of the ocean. The ship was lost until decades later when Robert D Ballard led a team in search of the Titanic. Until recently, most experts agreedRead MoreThe Sinking of the Titanic1110 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatest ship ever built in its time sank. This ship was the â€Å"unsinkable† Titanic. The Titanic was built of the best materials during its construction. Being immensely massive and deemed unsinkable, many believed it was nothing but smooth sailing, but many were wrong. The Titanic was a place of romance, mystery, and tragedy. The maiden voyage seemed to be running smoothly, although it turned out to be the last the Titanic would eve r take. On that fateful night of 1912, many loved ones were separatedRead More The Titanic Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pages The Titanic - History of a Disaster On April 14,1912 a great ship called the Titanic sank on its maiden voyage. That night there were many warnings of icebergs from other ships. There seems to be a conflict on whether or not the warnings reached the bridge. We may never know the answer to this question. The greatest tragedy of all may be that there were not enough lifeboats for everyone on board. According to Walter Lord, author of The Night Lives On, the Titanic could have been saved in the very

Coping with Stress free essay sample

Stress in Our Lives We all deal with stress in our everyday lives from work, school, and family. It can affect us mentally and physically. Many deal with it by themselves. Some seek professional help. Do you go into their secret closet to pray? Are you one of those people that listen to music? Do you find comfort in just talking to someone? Many jobs can be stressful from working long hours, overbearing bosses, co-workers that are not focused on their job tasks. Some jobs in retail or restaurants require us to have face to face encounters with rude customers.Working with computers, machines, and any other electronic devices can be stressful. So how do we cope with this type of stress? While on your lunch break sit in your car and listen to music. While working in a restaurant walk away from the situation to pursue higher authority. Try and solve the problem on your own. We will write a custom essay sample on Coping with Stress or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Home stress consists of family, finances, car trouble, and appliances breaking. Budgeting finances helps cope with stress. When having disagreements calling family meetings and gatherings to discuss issues. More than one vehicle relieves stress.When there’s extra money in an account for appliances. Home stress can also consist of kids being in a single parent home. What are some ways we cope with home stress? A family therapist can help. When everyone gets alone and doesn’t fight makes coping with stress easier. As it is worded in the Bible â€Å"A family that prays together stays together. † School can play a major role with stress in student everyday life. Studying for a test or writing an essay causes stress. Doing homework and working on class presentations play a major role also.For instance, college students are up late nights studying, researching papers on various topics, and practicing speeches in the mirror. How can we cope with this? To cope with stress a little easier you can have a study partner, ask for help, and going the extra mile to do a presentation Adults and children deal with stress in their lives. While some seek attention for it, some cope with it on their own. Life challenges and experiences help us cope with different changes if it takes place at home, school, or work. What steps do we take? Who do we reach out to?

Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going Essay Example

Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going Essay Sailings character escaped through insanity while Chopping died of a joy that 245). Elses main character escaped behind the faded of being a happy housewife, she conformed to what life had dealt her. She also found her escape with her new husband. The mothers own needs to escape, to enjoy the outside world again with her husband (Gloss). Sailings character summed it up est. in when she states, Ive got out at last, said l, in spite of you and Jane (Gillian 419). In their own way, they beat society and the people that oppressed them. All the women triumphed somewhat in their quest to freedom, Chopping character dying of heart problems, Sailings character creeping over her husband and Elses character surviving the rearing of her child in a hard economical time. All three stones Involve a comfort zone of a sort; In Sailings her comfort zone became the yellow wallpaper, In Chopping It was the room and In Elses It was the Ironing. They could do their thinking while In their zone and no one could control heir thoughts then. Sailings character was so fascinated with the yellow wallpaper that she started hallucinating, seeing things that were not the Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? By anamorphic ant figures; for the reasons she had to make the decisions she did and in Sailings Ironing, the constraints of oppression were alive in her thoughts. Elses faded was being a housewife, she would have rather had other choices in her life and wanted more for her daughter as is told by the last quote in the story: In summary, all three women had no choice in their lives or they chose not to have a pop and do stay within society boundaries of the feminine role in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Yellow Wallpaper and Where Are You Going specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The outcome of each story is different in the way each dealt with the struggles of oppression, was worthwhile to turn my hand over for anything (Gillian 412). Elses story the a Joy that kills(Chopin 245). Elses main character escaped behind the faded of All three stories involve a comfort zone of a sort; in Sailings her comfort zone became the yellow wallpaper, in Chopping it was the room and in Elses it was the ironing. They could do their thinking while in their zone and no one could control

Using Context Clues to Improve Reading Comprehension

Using Context Clues to Improve Reading Comprehension Context clues can help many people with dyslexia to compensate for weak reading skills when comprehending reading passages. Context clues can significantly increase reading comprehension. According to a study completed by Rosalie P. Fink at Lesley College in Cambridge, this continues into adulthood. This study looked at 60 professional adults with dyslexia and 10 without dyslexia. All consistently read specialized information for their jobs. Those with dyslexia scored lower in spelling and required more time to read and indicated they relied on context clues, both during the study and in everyday reading, to aid in comprehension. Context Clues When you encounter a word you dont know as you are reading, you can choose to look it up in a dictionary, ignore it or use the surrounding words to help you determine what the word means. Using the words around it is using contextual clues. Even if you cant figure out the exact definition, phrases and words should be able to help you make a guess about the words meaning. Some of the ways to use context to help understand new words: Look for examples, illustrations or explanations. Difficult or uncommon words may be followed by information to help discern the meaning. The writer sometimes uses phrases to help identify examples and explanations: for example, such as, including, consists of, for instance, is like. Even without specific words introducing the meaning of an unknown word, phrases and sentences in the paragraph give further explanation, often enough to make a logical or educated guess as to the meaning of the word.Definitions are sometimes included in the text. For example, After the fire, the entire office was restricted, that is only a few people could enter, for several days. In this example, the author built the definition directly into the sentence.Sometimes surrounding words or phrases contain synonyms of the unknown word. For example, The boss complained when he was tardy, or late, for work for the third time this week.Antonyms can also be used to help readers figure out the meaning of a word. F or example, Joe was exhausted after the trip but Tom was wide awake and alert. Experiences can also be used to explain unknown words. Roger was reluctant to volunteer to help at a charity event. Last time he jumped right in and found there was much more responsibility than he was ready to take on and it took up an immense amount of time. This time, Roger decided to take it slow, offering only a few hours a month rather than whatever time was needed. His fear of making a quick decision paid off and he really enjoyed the job once he could control how much time he gave to the organization. Teaching Context Clues To help students learn to use contextual clues to learn new vocabulary words, teach them specific strategies. The following exercise can help: Using a textbook or printed worksheet, write down several new vocabulary words on the board. If using a textbook, write down the page and paragraph where the word is.Have students divide a paper into three columns.In the first column, the students should write the new vocabulary word.In the second column, the student should write down any clues in the text that help them guess the meaning of the word. Clues can be found immediately before or after the word, in the sentence before or after or even in the paragraphs around the word.The third column should contain the students guess as to what the word means. Students should review the different types of contextual clues, such as examples, synonyms, antonyms, definitions or experiences as they read through the text. If using a printout, students can use different color highlighters to mark the unknown word and the clues. Once the students make a guess, they should re-read the sentence, inserting their definition in place of the vocabulary word to see if it makes sense. Finally, students can look the word up in the dictionary to see how close they were in guessing the meaning of the word. References Literacy Development in Successful Men and Women with Dyslexia, 1998, Rosalie P. Fink, Annals of Dyslexia, Volume XLVII, pp 3311-346What Are Context Clues? Date Unknown, Staff Writer, Sacramento City CollegeWhat Contextual Clues Can I Use? Date Unknown, Presented by Lynn Figuarte, U.S. Department of Education

Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eassy - Essay Example For instance, minority groups in American society have less degree of trust in the health system, which in turn affects how much information they give to nurses. Very young patients might not be fully aware of their clinical conditions. Old people might have had enough experience with nurses due to long-term health conditions. Young people may hide particular information that they believe will compromise their relationships. Old patients may not have confidence in very young nurses. All these factors influence assessment and interview techniques (Thomas 204). On the other hand, nurse’s assessment and interview techniques are influence by many factors. According to Sadock et al (5), each nurse is characterized by a set of cultural and health beliefs developed in life and professional training. Therefore, their assessment and interpretation of patient’s information follows those beliefs. Moreover, a nurse’ experience may depend on age and therefore ability to effectively manipulate interview techniques depend on age too. Age difference may also affect the techniques used by nurses for patient interview. For instance, a young fresh nurse may need to work extra hard to win trust and confidence of her patients. Nevertheless, nurses have the primary role of understanding these factors in order to expedite their duties effectively (Cleary et al 1). Michelle, Cleary. Factors influencing nurse–patient interaction in the acute psychiatric setting: An exploratory investigation. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing, Volume 8,  Issue 3,  pages 109–116,  September 1999.

Engineering Managment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering Managment - Coursework Example The company was founded by John Cadbury in the year 1824. It is presently headquartered at Uxbridge, London, United Kingdom and operates in more than 50 countries of the world (Prinz, 2012). Since the time of its inception, the company has been growing at a rapid pace and the reason behind its continued success is its clear strategies, plans, goals and objectives. The company has been operating in the market for almost 200 years. Despite economic crises that have affected the world from time to time, the company is still standing strong in the market. Moreover, the company has always also remained focused on its mission, objectives and strategies. However, the company has faced some kind of issues in the form of PR crisis and financial crisis. To deal with this, it is highly recommended that the company should reduce its operating cost and appoint a dedicated public relations officer to oversee any public relations issue. Question 1 1.1 Cadbury’s current mission, objectives, a nd strategies Mission The core purpose of the company is to work together and create a brand which people love. The core mission of the company is to reach the world and become a leading company in the confectionary industry. Cadbury wants to be a part of people's lives through their products. In addition, the company’s mission is to eradicate poverty in the areas of its operation and create a work environment which promotes work force diversity. Objectives The objectives of a company generally depend upon the business situations. Similarly, the business objectives of Cadbury have changed over the years according to the market situations. Cadbury has always relied on short term goals, rather than the long term objectives. However, their short term goals have changed on an average of 10 years. The objectives of the company are as follows: - To open a Cadbury shop and increase its profitability. To use new technology to increase the production. The company has been able to fulf il most of its objectives till now and the current objective of the company is to maintain the level it has already reached. To provide high return to the shareholders. To achieve revenue and sales growth. Strategies The strategy of the company to achieve its goals is very much straight forward. The business strategy of the company is to tap new markets for its products and increase its profitability. Nevertheless, since most of the products of the company are sold all over the world, it has formulated a two-pronged growth strategy, which is dependent upon the cash flow of the company. In addition, the company is also looking forward to new channels of product distribution in order to increase sales. Since, 70 % of the total sales of the company come from impulse purchase that is why the company is also targeting restaurants, pubs and petrol stations to sell their products. Apart from the mission statements, strategies and objective the organizational culture of

Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example for Free

Fahrenheit 451 Essay In the book Fahrenheit 451, Beatty claims that If you dont want a house built, hide the nails and wood (61). * What Beatty means here, is that if people dont want society to have knowledge, then all knowledge-bearing materials must be destroyed, which in this instance, are books. Books give people knowledge and more complications, which he claims can make people less happy. Ignorance is bliss because every character in Fahrenheit 451 who discovers the truth is in immediate trouble, and completely loses their control on life. Clarisse is a character who finds herself in trouble because of awareness of the truth. For example, Clarisse says Oh, they dont miss me, Im antisocial. I dont mix. Its so strange. Im very social indeed (29). She cannot fit in with her peers because of her education, and has a hard time socializing at all. A child who is incapable of making friends due to higher education is a very troubling experience for anyone. Beatty also says Clarisse McClellan? Weve a record on her family. Weve watched them carefully. Heredity and environment are funny things. You cant rid yourself of all the odd ducks in just a few years (60). Because of Clarisses family background, and their history, Beatty and the rest of the firemen keep a very close eye on her family. Her entire family is looked upon as social outcasts because of their lack of ignorance. Clarisse later disappears from society. Clarisse is separated and discriminated against, and for this, she was not even able to function in society due to her education. Even more troubling, are the events that occur at Mrs. Blakes house. Mrs. Blake held in her possession an entire library of books, and the fire department is called to have them destroyed (36-38). By the time the fire department got there, and pumped kerosene all over the entire house, she refuses to leave the house. She said You can stop counting as the firemen continued to count and give her time to evacuate the house before burning it (39). She wants them to stop wasting their breath and allow her to remain in the house while it was burned. The woman on the porch reached out with contempt to them all and struck the kitchen match against the railing (40). The entire house is burned, with her in it. The woman committed suicide, due to her education and presence of the books. She is so befuddled by the content in the books, that when educated, she refused to even live any longer once her source of knowledge was burned. Being burned to death is about the most cruel way to die, and Mrs. Blake did all this only because she had been educated. Also, Faber found himself getting into several problematic situations involving his lack of ignorance. Faber was once an English teacher, meaning that he was very highly educated, because he had the permission to educate students (74). Faber is one who was around during the time where books were starting to be deleted from existence. He had the knowledge, and the ability to stand up for what was right, but never did. Faber has had to live with his guilt for several years now, just wishing he would have done something different, all because he was educated and enjoyed reading. If Faber would have never been educated, he wouldnt waste his time worrying about the past! During a huge fight between Beatty and Montag, Beatty says Well-So theres more here than I thought. I saw you tilt your head, listening. First I thought you had a Seashell. But when you turned clever later, I wondered. Well trace this and drop it on your friend (118). Beatty is threatening to bring harm to Faber, for being associated with Montag. He plans on taking both of them to jail, at this point. Faber was about to get serious jail time or more serious punishment, just for being associated with someone who was trying to become smarter! Its very troubling to have the want to be educated, but be punished for the thirst for more education, which is exactly what happened to Faber. However, the best example of someone whose life is destroyed by the absence of ignorance and the presence of books, is Montag. Montag, the protagonist has a life of order in the beginning of the book, he says It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed (3). Montag enjoys his life of destruction at first, and nobody is directly harmed by it. After discovering books, this all changed. Montag eventually loses it, kills Beatty (119), and runs from the law (137-179). Montag lost everything: his wife, his house, his job, his friends, his entire life! Montags life was most affected by the presence of books, and the deletion of all previous ignorance, because with the addition of education, Montags life became a complete misery he wished to get out of.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay -- Pregnancy Alcohol Birth Defects Essays

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome... is the name given to a group of physical and mental birth defects that are the direct result of a woman's drinking alcohol during pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a series of mental and physical birth defects that can include mental retardation, growth deficiencies, central nervous system dysfunction, craniofacial abnormalities and behavioral maladjustment's. Fetal Alcohol Effect is a less severe set of the same symptoms. All communities nationwide, and especially high-risk women in their childbearing years, need better information about the dangers of drinking during pregnancy. But most health care providers are unfamiliar with and untrained in the issues of substance abuse among pregnant women. FAS/FAE is widely misdiagnosed and under diagnosed and less than 10% of medical schools require students to complete a course on the proper diagnosis and referral of individuals with alcoholism and other drug addictions. Statistics study found that doctors appear less likely to tell a black woman to quit drinking and smoking during pregnancy than they are to tell a white woman. Pregnant black women were thirty percent more likely than white women to report that they had never been told to quit drinking. (The New York Times,January 19, 1994) If you drink wine, beer, or liquor when you are pregnant, your baby could develop FAS. A baby with FAS can suffer from mental retardation, central nervous dysfunction, organ dysfunction and facial abnormalities. These disabilities will last a lifetime. No amount of alcohol has been proven safe to consume during pregnancy. FAS and FAE (Fetal Alcohol Effects) are 100% preventable when a pregnant woman abstains from alcohol. In 1991, The Journal of the American Medical Association reported that FAS is the leading known cause of mental retardation. At least 5,000 infants are born each year with FAS, or approximately one out of every 750 live births. Thirty to forty percent of babies whose mothers drink heavily throughout pregnancy have the Syndrome. FAS/FAE is a problem found in all races and socio-economic groups. FAS and FAE are widely under diagnosed. Some experts believe between one third and two-thirds of all children in special education have been affected by alcohol in some way. FAS/FAE produces irreversible physical, mental and emotional effects. Behav... ... mother is not an alcoholic, her child may not be spared the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. †¢ Cognitive performance is less affected by alcohol exposure in infants and children whose mothers stopped drinking in early pregnancy, despite the mothers' resumption of alcohol use after giving birth. †¢ One analysis of 6 year-olds, with demonstrated effects of second-trimester alcohol exposure, had lower academic achievement and problems with reading, spelling, and mathematical skills. †¢ Approximately 6 percent of the offspring of alcoholic women have Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS); the FAS risk for offspring born after an FAS sibling, is as high as 70 percent. †¢ Those diagnosed as having Fetal Alcohol Syndrome had IQ scores ranging from 20-105 with a mean of 68. Subjects also demonstrated poor concentration and attention. †¢ People with FAS demonstrate growth deficits, morphologic abnormalities, mental retardation, and behavioral difficulties. Secondary effects of FAS among adolescents and adults include mental health problems, disrupted schooling (dropping out or being suspended or expelled), trouble with the law, dependent living as an adult, and problems with employment.

Wellness Techniques Effective In Increasing Students Wellbeing Education Essay

In a non tantamount pretest-posttest control group experiment, participants in the experimental group were subjected to wellness techniques such as tasting, sharing of savoured minutes in category, gratitude journal authorship, cognitive distraction with the usage of wit, and narrative job work outing activities. Control group received no inclusion of health techniques in their regular category treatment. The consequences showed that there were no important differences between the control and experimental group across Hope, Life Satisfaction and Depression tonss. Other findings showed that males tend to prefer a combination of cognitive distraction and tasting techniques, while females tend to prefer a combination of tasting, gratitude and job resolution and end puting techniques. Results suggest a focussed health technique and some considerations sing personal, environmental or school related factors that might confuse the consequences of the experiment. Fusss and emphasis are inevitable for a graduating college pupil. Accomplishments of excessively many demands every bit good as go toing to other school-related activities are tension roll uping. Student ‘s resiliency is tested, wherein get bying and hardiness serves as resources to endorse them up during times of insomniac darks and pressured school demands. Several old ages since the positive psychological science addressed the demand to supply and keep positive establishments that will supply and heighten its stakeholders ‘ wellbeing and character strengths. School is one of the societal establishments where pupils learn both academic, interpersonal accomplishments, and even emotion ordinance. Research on wellbeing in school specifically methods to heighten wellbeing are in scarceness. Larson ( 2000 ) mentioned that pupils presents have lack of positive development and non a mere indicant of terrible psychological jobs. He encourages research workers to research factors that may lend to pupils ‘ wellbeing. In the context of school aged kids and striplings Diener and Diener ( 1996 ) found out that even pupils feel stressed about school plants they even rated themselves as positively happy. These consequences were replicated by several researches across civilizations ( states such as Australia, Portugal, China, Canada, Spain, and Korea ) and found the same self-evaluations among pupils. The present survey purposes to research possible ways to heighten pupils ‘ wellbeing specifically life satisfaction and hope. The research focal point on the life satisfaction of pupils in schools specifically their varied activities, and challenges as they strive to complete their college instruction.Students ‘ life satisfaction in schoolLife satisfaction in general is the perceptual experience of a quality of life that involves, of class, a cognitive assessment ( Huebner, Suldo, & A ; Mcknight, 2004 ) . Both positive and negative experiences straight affect pupils ‘ life satisfaction and day-to-day experiences affect the life satisfaction in general. Gilman ( 2001 ) pointed out that pupil ‘s school ‘s life satisfaction was positively related to pupils ‘ active engagement in assorted extracurricular activities that the school may hold. He added that pupils who participated good in assorted school activities do hold higher school life satisfaction as compared to those who do n't take part. Suldo, Shafer and Riley ( 2008 ) identified that pedagogues ‘ deficiency of attending to pupils ‘ wellbeing may be given a focal point alternatively of strictly academic accomplishment. Their reappraisal of literature identified cardinal points to see in analyzing factors for pupil satisfaction, foremost, perceptual experience of societal support such as the academic staffs, general feeling of satisfaction with school, and last, academic ego construct. Suldo, Shafer and Riley ( 2008 ) tested a theoretical account in foretelling school life satisfaction. The way theoretical account revealed that parental engagement in school every bit good as student-teacher relationship contributes to life satisfaction. School satisfaction is of import because happy pupils tend to demo positive interpersonal relationship with classmates and school staffs and at the same clip works collaboratively with others.Academic HopeHopeful pupils are expected to gestate ends and will develop differe nt schemes to make those ends beyond sing school life satisfaction. Snyder and Lopez ( 2002 ) defined hope as a strength-based concept that is divided into both tract and agentic thought that makes hope cognitive and motivational. Low hope pupils are said to be more dying during category activities and trial pickings activities. Low hope persons are more likely to demo sself-doubt and negative brooding manner that interferes with analyzing and using what they learned from school ( Snyder, 1999 ) . On the other terminal, pupils with higher hope reported good academic standing, good correlated with positive job resolution and other school related accomplishments ( Chang, 1998 ) .Enhancing pupils ‘ life satisfaction and hopePersonal academic beliefs and its positive relationship with life satisfaction can be used as a anchor for an intercession for heightening school life satisfaction. In the research of Chang, Mcbride-Chang, Stewart and Au ( 2003 ) giving importance to pupil â⠂¬Ëœs academic abilities, valuing school as of import to one ‘s ends, betterment in student-teacher relationship, and person ‘s ego ordinance in academic force per unit areas increase pupil ‘s good being in school. On the other manus, Bouwkamp ( 2001 ) developed a school hope plan that which utilized both mark and cosmopolitan hope techniques to increase hope. It was delivered in group based attack which aims to better pupil ‘s hopeful thought.Developing pupil ‘s tract thought and agentic thoughtSnyder, Lopez, Shorey, Rand and Feldman ( 2003 ) suggested that end scene activities and able to break up ends to smaller ends and measuring the likeliness that pupils can consecutive work on it helps better tract thought. Agentic thought can be improved by maintaining a diary that identifies negative self-scripts and overcritical ego books and so learning pupils to replace them with positive and productive ideas. In add-on, Snyder, Mcdermott ( 2002 ) mentioned that hopeful kids frequently draw upon their ain memories of positive experiences during hard times. By reminiscing positive and good feeling or elating narratives they create a positive personal ego.Wellness techniques to heighten we llbeingTo stress what was specified in the literature on life satisfaction and trust the research worker gathered several literature that was through empirical observation proven to increase subjective well-being and on the other terminal functioning the suggestions of Snyder ( 2003 ) for hope and Chang ( 2003 ) for life satisfaction. It was mentioned in the literature that addition in life satisfaction is dependent on the frequence of experience of positive affect and hope bureau and tracts are sensitive to job work outing activities and reminiscing positive experiences, Lyubormisky, Sousa and Dickerhoof ( 2006 ) research on authorship and speaking about positive experiences can be used to heighten subjective good being concepts. Those two academic basic accomplishments tend to hold characteristics of forming, incorporating and analysing jobs and issues which the chief intent is to bring forth solutions to jobs. Emmons and McCullough ( 2003 ) found benefits on composing activities specifically daily and hebdomadal exercisings. Bryant ‘s ( 2003 ) on the other manus give importance to tasting positive experiences, and reminiscing good feeling minutes are said to be related to increase in subjective well being. Langston ( 1994 ) identified capitalisation as a term to depict why people tend to utilize and remain with positive experiences and emotions because they get something out from it, it makes one heighten their emotional wellbeing. There are different ways to capitalise and remain or hang on with experiences and sharing and continous speaking about the subject are two basic techniques. Smith, Caprariello, Tsai, Rodriquez, and Maniaci ( 2010 ) In line with authorship and tasting experiences, Emmons and McCullough ( 2003 ) posited that when we exercise gratitude and counting approvals it will most likely put the person in a pleasant temper province. In their experimental survey, experimental group participants who received gratitude conditions were well satisfied, felt more optimism, and felt connected with other people. A survey on cognitive distraction is said to be SWB heightening. ( Strick, Holland, new wave Baaren, & A ; van Knippenberg, 2009 ) used wit as support or get bying with negative feelings. Cann, Calhoun and Nance ( 2000 ) identified that with the exposure of experimental participants to humour it instantly reduced negative temper and participants were able to alter their perceptual experience of their undertaking from tiring to interesting.MethodThe survey was a quantitative and experimental design, specifically and non tantamount pretest and posttest control group design was utilized. The survey aims to heighten hope, and life satisfaction tonss.Participants4 subdivisions participated in this survey, while merely 2 subdivisions where utilized for the experiment and the combined subdivisions for the designation of technique penchants. The experimental group ( n = 37 ) are control group ( n = 35 ) where identified as the mark group for the survey ( Mean age = 18 ) . They volunteered in the experimental without acquiring anything in return as stipulated in the consent signifier. The staying 2 subdivisions are for study intents on technique penchants.ProcedureThe experiment will run for 4 hebdomads which is a month calendar, with each session length of 2 hours with schoolroom treatment for the experimental group and control group. Differences in direction where given via the inclusion of health techniques for the experimental group, while no inclusion of health techniques for the control group. Students are non familiar with the techniques included in category treatment and non even cognizant of the alteration in activities. Students were given adequate information that they can choose non to go to the last 4 subdivisions of the topic because their classs are already finished. Those who stayed for a reappraisal and rating of the faculties can remain. The first session started with a pretesting of hope graduated table, life satisfaction graduated table, and depression graduated table for both experimental and control group. Inclusion session started merely for experimental group with a missive giving activity design to give grateful letters to schoolmates in category for an experience that they think they truly need to state thank you to their schoolmates. Students will portion their experiences to category afterwards. The intent of which is to supply pupils venue to show gratitude and experience being thanked for action done in the yesteryear. The 2nd inclusion for the session is wit ( cognitive distraction ) the category is divided into two groups and from a root word they will add postfixs and prefixes to do the root word evolved into assorted meaningful words ( normally double barreled words ) . The intent of the activity is to supply distraction and promote happy minutes with the group. The 2nd session inclusion involves Gratitude showing and maintaining a gratitude diary for one hebdomad. Students were educated how to maintain and compose gratitude diary to be submitted following meeting ( full notes ) each person in the experimental group is required to subject a day-to-day gratitude note via electronic mail to the research worker. The 2nd portion of the inclusion is to see a film cartridge holder that encourages positive thought, optimism and assertiveness. The 3rd session inclusion includes the reappraisal of the gratitude diary, and placing one major happy minute worth maintaining in the diary for holding a really good positive emotion and being able to portion it in category. The research worker taught the experimental group how to place their tasting minutes and maintain it besides in the diary to be shared by following meeting in category. The last inclusion for the 3rd session was a wit activity where pupils were participants were tasked to reply uncovering inquiries in a bowl. The intent of the activity is to supply personal contemplation and cognitive distraction in a manner express joying at ain faulty actions before. The 4th session inclusion includes the groupings and sharing of single positive experiences deserving reminiscing, and what makes it truly deserving reminiscing. Each group reported in category factors what made each individual in category wanted to enjoy good minutes in life. The 2nd inclusion activity is more on job resolution and consecutive narrative where participants are asked to do a large circle and tasked to lend to the narrative of a hopeless miss named Maria. Discussion on internal versus external venue of control ends the activity for the last portion. Immediately after the session a posttest was administered to the experimental group. It is expected that the control group have the same agenda of posttest pickings.Datas analysisA manova was used to see the differences of each tonss across dependent variables among two groups. A multidimensional grading was used from the gathered information among 2 subdivisions who experienced the inclusion by replying a penchant question naire.Consequences and DiscussionThe present survey aims to place if there will be a grade alteration on hope, life satisfaction, and depression tonss among experimental and control group which means placing efficaciousness of inclusion of health techniques. Table 1. Meanss and Standard divergence values DV Pre/Post E/C Meter Std. Dev Nitrogen Depression Post C 17.52 8.52 25 Tocopherol 13.00 7.23 28 Entire 15.13 8.14 53 Pre C 18.52 8.36 25 Tocopherol 17.39 7.913 28 Entire 17.92 8.07 53 Hope Post C 50.76 5.02 25 Tocopherol 51.71 5.63 28 Entire 51.26 5.32 53 Pre C 49.68 5.82 25 Tocopherol 51.43 3.65 28 Entire 50.60 4.83 53 Life Satisfaction Post C 26.20 4.425 25 Tocopherol 26.86 4.79 28 Entire 26.55 4.59 53 Pre C 24.80 4.99 25 Tocopherol 26.39 4.37 28 Entire 25.64 4.70 53 Descriptive statistics shows that the figure of both experimental and control groups ‘s participants decreased due to dropping of attending ( mortality ) . Comparing the pretest average tonss of each group showed that pretest consequences for hope, life satisfaction and depression are non equal. After the inclusion tally of health techniques merely the average tonss of depression in the posttest for the experimental group dropped from a pretest M = 17.39 to posttest depression M = 13.00. Table 2 Trial of Between-Subjects Effectss Pre/Post Depression United states secret service 192. 06 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 192.06 F 3.00 Sig. .087 Hope United states secret service 12.32 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 12.32 F .48 Sig. .491 Liter United states secret service 22.95 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 22.95 F 1.06 Sig. .305 EC Depression United states secret service 210.60 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 210.60 F 3.28 Sig. .073 Hope United states secret service 48.24 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 48.24 F 1.87 Sig. .174 Liter United states secret service 33.43 df 1 Multiple sclerosis 33.43 F 1.55 Sig. .216 Sig. 0.017 In comparing pretest and posttest consequences to uncover the effectivity of the inclusion of the health techniques in schoolroom treatment versus the non inclusion of the control group, it shows that across dependent variables and across groups there are no important differences. It means that the inclusion of the health techniques that was used in the survey was n't effectual in heightening hope, life satisfaction and diminishing the depression scores among participants in the experimental group. Wilks lamda is non important. Figure 1 Wellness technique penchants of male pupils Figure 1 showed that in the informations gathered from the penchant study of n = 33, male pupils who exposed to inclusion of health techniques in category identified that Humor activity 1 and tasting / sharing activities uplifted their positive temper province for a hebdomad. The graph showed bunch of B and E with a emphasis = .004 which is good. Figure 2 Wellness technique penchants of female pupils Datas gathered from N = 35, female pupils who were exposed to the inclusion of the health techniques in category identified bunchs GH ( Story of Maria and Dilemma Worksheet ) and DE ( Gratitude diary and Savouring/Sharing activities ) in elating their positive temper province for a hebdomad with a emphasis = .000 which is good. In the given findings identified it is good to observe that health techniques might hold lagged behind some of the factors that contribute to the frequence of more Negative affect to pupils. Sing that during the clip of experiment it was besides the clip where pupil prepare for finals and other demands. It is besides extremely suggested to concentrate merely on one health techniques alternatively of incorporating all three sorts of health techniques in the experiment viz. , cognitive distraction, tasting, and gratitude journal and problem-goal scene. Even though depression tonss were minimized it is non significantly considered in the research. Dampening is another construct where pupil can really take to minimise positive affect in stead of a more ambitious experience or hazard to come. It is extremely recommended that research worker should command possible menaces such as personality, self esteem, stifling, and timing of the experiment. The bunch of the health techniques per gender penchants showed how intercession can be retroflex for the following research and inform others about gender penchants on the usage of health techniques. It shows that misss appreciate the usage of problem-solving end scene every bit good as the narrative of Maria which is really taps hope agentic and tracts, and at the same clip opted for the tasting and gratitude activities which taps capitalisation and care of positive affect. On the other manus male pupils prefer wit activity which I think is less nerve-racking for them because they do n't exercise attempt to compose and maintain and diary which is besides a male issue ( revelation ) but they do be given to appreciate the tasting experiences as portion of heightening their well being. A form among gender showed that tasting and sharing positive things to others when others are attentive to what we portion provides both positive emotions to both gender.

Aids Is It a Modern Plague - 943 Words

AIDS: Is it a Modern Plague? In some parts of the world there are still wars being fought and dictators in power. There are societies which consider themselves at the peak of evolution and progress. They are able to create state of the art automobiles, luxurious homes, efficient and organized industries, complex computerized machinery and atomic weapons. Many societies are governed by a democratic system which herald a belief in freedom. All societies, regardless of their political and economic makeup, are also ruled by a special class of dictators; these dictators are unseen to the naked eye, and are invincible. These invisible tyrants are microorganisms. Underdeveloped countries, technologically advanced countries, and†¦show more content†¦In western Africa, AIDS is also caused by HIV-2, a strain of HIV closely related to HIV-1. Other distantly related strains of HIV-1 have been identified in various areas of the world. Although some of these strains cannot be detected using the current blood-screening methods, there is little risk of spread to North America because of the geographic isolation of these viruses. Even in the case of HIV-2, spread outside Africa is rare. Only 18 cases of HIV-2 have been documented in the United States, and transmission in these cases was linked directly to western Africa. Currently, this invisible tyrant is so dominant that our basic values of Make Love not War have been twisted into an anxious cry of Make Love and Die. This disease is causing a great deal of pain and sorrow. We need to reason and evaluate the truth of the matter and to adapt to a way of life in order to minimize further casualties. If we declare war on HIV, educate in preventing the spread of this disease, and avoid stigmatizing and discriminating based on misinformation, we are well on our way to at least neutralizing HIV. Moral awareness should also be increased in an effort to have better use of the education we possess. This includes those in the medical profession. At this juncture, the chance to find a cure for retroviruses, especially the HIV virus, are less likely than it is for the virus to evolve into a non-deadly form. Perhaps then itShow MoreRelatedSusan Sontag, Illness As Metaphor, And AIDS And Its Metaphor1128 Words   |  5 Pagesepidemics to date, AIDS, a real modern-day plague. However, when analyzing the terminology and metaphors discussed during the AIDS epidemic, many academic scholars such as Susan Sontag view the conversation around AIDS as a plague as counterproductive. This view is clear when reading Sontag’s essay, Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphor, where a reader can interpret that nations failings while handling the epidemic was caused by a negative perception of the word plague. Although, Sontag isRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death or â€Å"plague† that killed thousands in the fourteenth century may have evolved into a more modern version of itself. The â€Å"plague† is known as the â€Å"Yersinia pestis† bacteria, which is a rare zoonotic disease. These diseases are spread from animal to human (Newquist 239, Adamloakun M.D. 718). The bacterium lives in rodents such as rats and is carried by fleas (Newquist 238). When the fleas bite humans, the bacterium spreads. There are three types of the plague, which include the bubonicRead MoreEssay Yersinia pestis - Bacteria Virulence and Symptoms1438 Words   |  6 Pagesforms of the plague: Bubonic, Pneumonic and Septicemic. Each form of the plague can develop into a case of fatality as the host experiences painful symptoms, including the large, inflamed bubo. One of the most well known pandemics known to mankind is the plague, also known as the Black Death, which plundered areas from Asia to Western Europe and carried on to the Americas. Though the infection is not the most prevalent compared to many of the worlds other bacterial agents, the plague is one of theRead MoreThe Effect on Clergy and the Catholic Church during the Black Death857 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom 1347-1351. This plague killed entire families at a time and destroyed at least 1,000 villages. Greatly contributing to the Crisis of the Fourteenth Century, the Black Death had many effects beyond its immediate symptoms. Not only did the Black Death have a devastating toll on human life, but it also played a key role in shaping the Catholic Church’s life in the following years. The Black Death consisted mainly of one disease, the bubonic plague, but pneumonic plague was also present duringRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesfalling down. The nur sery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plague brutally killing one fourth of Europe in the 14th century and devastating ChinaRead MoreThe Black Death : A Widespread Disease1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Black Death began, with the development of modern historiography. Working to disclose the true makeup of the Black Death started during 1894 in Hong Kong. Leading bacteriologists sent to Hong Kong by both the Japanese and French governments known as S.Kitasato and A.Yersin to aid the research, achieving almost instant success. Within a few weeks managing to identify the same new type of bacterium that’s present in the bloo d and tissues from plague patients, further succeeding in isolating samplesRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On African Nation1353 Words   |  6 Pagesabout have not enough money to meet basic needs of living which includes food, clothing, and shelter. Being that Africa has a lack of the materials for a humans needs to have a role in society. Although over about 500 billion dollars is sent directly aid the African nation the money is being misused. A large percentage of the money that is sent is used to invest in weapons. This is caused by totalitarian regimes. Having large debts result in little to no money being used for social serviceRead MoreThe Death Of The Plague1532 Words   |  7 Pages Fourteenth century western Europe— already plagued by overpopulation, economic depression, famine, and malnutrition, plummeted into an unprecedented scope of devastation as the bubonic plague annihilated two-fifths of its population. Coined the Black Death in reference to its symptomatic bodily discoloration, the pandemic’s ability to wipe out such a tremendous population is indicative of susceptibility before tragedy even struck. From 1000 to 1300, Europe’s population problematically doubled-Read MoreEssay about Life and Death in The Middle Ages1456 Words   |  6 Pagesfood also plays an important role in society functions. From Christmas, Easter, and thanksgiving food is an important part of celebrations. Food and celebration has always brought generations of people together to enjoy each other’s company . In our modern society, in particular the United States, we have an abundance of food at our disposal. However, in society today as well as in previous centuries there is a huge gap between wealth and poverty. Sadly, some people in the developed and developingRead MoreReform by Destruction: The Black Death Essay914 Words   |  4 Pages The lords milked this opportunity as the peasants and vassals could not create their own roadways or supplies. The vassals and peasants had no true freedom from their lords, and no sufficient payment for their servitude (â€Å"Feudalism†). After the plague, the peasants who were once loyal and dependable now demanded higher payments of cash (Routt). Without compensation, they refused to work any longer. This caused the nobility to finally realize that with such a high demand for these workers, they